Project Babylon was a confirmed, state-sponsored weapons development program initiated by the government of Iraq and active between 1988 and 1990. The program’s objective was the design, clandestine procurement, and construction of the largest conventional artillery pieces ever conceived. Contrary to some popular misconceptions, the technology was based entirely on established ballistic principles and chemical propellants, not on theoretical electromagnetic or railgun systems. The program was the brainchild and life’s work of the brilliant but controversial Canadian artillery engineer, Dr. Gerald Bull, who found in Iraqi President Saddam Hussein a patron with the ambition and resources to fund his vision.
The program’s stated purpose was dual-use: to provide Iraq with a cost-effective, independent capability to launch satellites into low Earth orbit, while also possessing an inherent, undeniable potential for strategic long-range bombardment. This dual nature was a source of significant international concern, as the weapon’s theoretical range placed key regional adversaries, including Israel and Iran, within its reach.
Project Babylon successfully produced and test-fired one functional, sub-scale prototype known as “Baby Babylon”. However, the full-scale weapon, “Big Babylon,” was never completed. The program was abruptly and decisively neutralized in the spring of 1990 through a sophisticated, multi-pronged counter-proliferation effort. This effort culminated in two key events: the assassination of Dr. Gerald Bull in Brussels in March 1990, which decapitated the project’s technical leadership, and the subsequent coordinated seizure of critical gun components by customs authorities across Europe in April 1990.
Following the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the government of Iraq admitted to the existence of the program. All remaining hardware, including the completed prototype and the unassembled components of the full-scale gun, were located, documented, and systematically destroyed under the supervision of the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM). The existence, technical specifications, and ultimate fate of Project Babylon are not matters of speculation or conspiracy theory; they are a thoroughly documented chapter in the history of unconventional weapons proliferation. This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the program, from its conceptual origins to its final dismantlement.
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