Bibliography

I. Macroeconomic & Geopolitical Environment

• Goldman Sachs Private Wealth Management. (2025). Outlook 2025: Keep On Truckin’. Retrieved from Goldman Sachs official publications.
  • Provides analysis on the widening economic performance gap between the U.S. and other markets, informing the context for decelerating global growth and its impact on multinational corporations.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2025, February 18). States of Fragility 2025. OECD Publishing.
  • Details the impact of rising geopolitical competition, conflict, and trade disruptions on the global economic landscape, underpinning the theme of geopolitical instability as a corporate headwind.
• The Budget Lab at Yale. (2025, September 2). Short-Run Effects of 2025 Tariffs So Far. Yale University.
  • Offers empirical data on the pass-through effects of tariffs on goods prices and corporate costs, relevant to the pressures of input cost volatility and margin compression.

II. Corporate Operations & Supply Chain

• KPMG. (2024). Global supply chain fragility: Five trends and their impact on the global economy. KPMG Insights.
  • Outlines key ongoing pressures on global logistics, including geopolitical disruptions, labor issues, and climate events, directly supporting the “Supply Chain Fragility & Realignment” headwind.
• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025, October). Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary – August 2025. U.S. Department of Labor.
  • Presents official data on the state of the U.S. labor market, providing a statistical basis for the analysis of skilled labor scarcity and wage inflation.
• U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (2025, September 29). Small Business Index – Q3 2025 Quarterly Spotlight.
  • Highlights inflation, hiring difficulties, and rising operational costs as primary challenges, corroborating several key headwinds identified in the report from the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises.

III. C-Suite Priorities & Corporate Strategy

• The Conference Board. (2025, January 23). C-Suite Outlook 2025: Seizing the Future. As featured in Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance.
  • Surveys global CEOs to identify top external risks, including economic slowdowns, geopolitical tensions, and labor shortages, while highlighting internal priorities like digital transformation and cost reduction.
• Deloitte. (2025, August 29). Deloitte Unveils the 2025 Global Business Services Survey. Deloitte Press Room.
  • Reveals that talent pressures, digital technology integration (including AI), and the pursuit of operational efficiency are universal priorities for global business leaders.
• McKinsey & Company. (2025). Global Private Markets Report 2025: Braced for shifting weather.
  • Analyzes macroeconomic challenges, including persistent inflation and geopolitical uncertainty, and their impact on corporate dealmaking and investment, relevant to the “Tightening Credit & Capital Costs” headwind.

IV. Technology, Regulation & Consumer Behavior

• Cflow. (2025, August 28). Digital Transformation Challenges: Overcoming Barriers to Success.
  • Identifies key hurdles in corporate technology adoption, such as integration with legacy systems, lack of expertise, and cybersecurity concerns, aligning with the “Pace of Digital Transformation” and “Cybersecurity Risks” headwinds.
• Network Advertising Initiative. (2025, January 14). What’s In Store for Data Privacy in 2025?
  • Details the complex and evolving landscape of state and federal data privacy laws in the U.S., informing the analysis of the “Increased Regulatory & Compliance Burden.”
• Placer.ai. (2025, July 17). 6 Trends Still Defining Post-Pandemic Consumer Behavior.
  • Provides data-driven insights into the lasting shifts in consumer habits, such as a bifurcation toward budget and premium options and a re-evaluation of brand loyalty, which supports the “Shifting Consumer Behavior” analysis.
• Trend Micro. (2025, March 25). Trend 2025 Cyber Risk Report.
  • Analyzes telemetry data to identify the most prevalent cybersecurity exposures for enterprises, including risky cloud access and credential security issues, directly supporting the “Growing Data Privacy & Cybersecurity Risks” headwind.